{"id":7548,"date":"2022-11-02T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/?p=7548"},"modified":"2022-11-09T16:44:45","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T13:44:45","slug":"navigating-through-tough-economic-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/?p=7548","title":{"rendered":"NAVIGATING THROUGH TOUGH ECONOMIC TIMES"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>ECONOMY (UCHUMI)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Navigating Through Tough Economic Times.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wise-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MEN&#039;S WEEK 2022 (SKILLS TO NAVIGATE THE TOUGH ECONOMIC TIMES)\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B2uvveDpHlc?feature=oembed&#038;wmode=transparent&#038;rel=0&#038;showinfo=0&#038;color=white&#038;modestbranding=1\" style=\"border: none;\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wise-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"MEN&#039;S WEEK 2022 (SKILLS TO NAVIGATE THE TOUGH ECONOMIC TIMES)\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RpUj_wsUwhQ?feature=oembed&#038;wmode=transparent&#038;rel=0&#038;showinfo=0&#038;color=white&#038;modestbranding=1\" style=\"border: none;\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">State of a country\/region\/community in terms of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and supply of money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INFLATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you understand by the term inflation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TOPIC 1<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>INFLATION IN AN ECONOMY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Increase in general \/substantial prices of goods and services in an economy for a period of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Also we can simply state; its fall in value for money\/currency in a given economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mfumuko Wa Bei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How Is Inflation Calculated?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i.CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It tracks a basket of commonly purchased goods and services, including things like food, gasoline, computers, prescription drugs, college tuition and mortgage payments, to gauge how prices generally change over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPI sources data from consumers.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ii. Personal Consumption Expenditures(PCE)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PCE inflation based on price changes of a basket of goods and services but tracks the prices from businesses report selling goods and services for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CPI=PCE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;<strong>EXAMPLE;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>CPI Calculation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First we need to know how much of each&nbsp;good&nbsp;were purchased each year and what the prices were:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Initial\/Base year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shawarma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jeans&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dalala Ticket<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2001&nbsp;Price&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh1,880&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh12,000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;200.00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2001&nbsp;Quantity&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then find total expenditure by multiplying price&nbsp;times&nbsp;quantity and adding them:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Expenditure = (1,880 x 40) + (12,000 x 1) + (200 x 4) = Tsh&nbsp;88,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh&nbsp;75,200&nbsp;+&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh&nbsp;12,000&nbsp;+ Tsh&nbsp;800&nbsp;= Tsh&nbsp;88,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>EXAMPLE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Now, 20 years later, we have new prices:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CURRENT YEAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shawarma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jeans&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mwendokasi Ticket<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2021 Price&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh 2,821.20&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh 22,000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;800.00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2021 Quantity&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then find total expenditure by multiplying price&nbsp;times&nbsp;quantity and adding them:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Expenditure = (2,821.20 x 40) + (22,000 x 1) + ( 1,000 x 4) = Tsh 138,048<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh 112,848&nbsp;+&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsh 22,000 + Tsh3,200 = Tsh 138,048<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assume that the market basket (the amount purchased) stays the same in 2021 as it was in 2001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and the only thing that\u2019s changed&nbsp;are&nbsp;prices.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>EXAMPLE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022CPI in 2001=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Tsh88,000\/Tsh88,000) x 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 x 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The CPI is just an index value and it is indexed to 100 in the base year, in this case 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022CPI in 2021 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Tsh138,048\/Tsh88,000) x 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.56 x 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;156<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;EXAMPLE; Inflation rate over 20 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now we can calculate the inflation rate between 2001 and 2021:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;(156 \u2013 100) \/100&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;= 56\/100 = 56%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;56% IS INFLATION SINCE 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;Fisher Quantity Of Money Theory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022States that&nbsp;a change in price can be related to a change in the money supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022The value of money is also determined by the demand and supply of money<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022MV = PT or P = MV\/T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022M=Quantity of money in circulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022V=Velocity&nbsp;&nbsp;of money<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022P=General Prices<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022T=Total Volume of transactions\/GDP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022MV= The total value of money expenditure.(total spent on purchases)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022PT=&nbsp;&nbsp;The total value of all items sold.(total value item sold)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;M\u2019V\u2019 =Total (bank) deposits (M\u2019) and their velocity, (V\u2019) in the total supply of money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022MV+M\u2019V\u2019=PT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Thus, when money supply in doubled, i.e., increases from Tsh. 4000 to Tsh 8000, the price level is doubled. i.e., from Tsh. 1 per good to Tsh. 2 per good and the value of money is halved, i.e., from 1 to 1\/2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Main Cause Of Inflation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;<strong>DEMAND-PULL INFLATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022WHAT IS DEMAND?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Desire and willingness to purchase goods and services at a given price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022With excess demand on goods and services, manufactures retailers and service providers shift the prices upwards leading to loss in value for money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Everyone is rich but no one can afford anything!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u201ctoo much money chasing too few goods\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Demand-pull inflation by graph&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drivers of Demand-Pull Inflation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Black Money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Disposable Income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Dearness Allowances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Export Increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Bank Loans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Monetary Policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Government Spending.<br><br><strong>2. Cost-Push Inflation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022What is Supply<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Desire and willingness to offer to consumers goods and services at a given price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Aggregate Supply has shifts to AS2 because of a supply shock, prices have increased from P1 P2 and GDP has fallen from Y1 to Y2. With a contractionary monetary policy, Aggregate Demand shifts from AD to AD*, the new equilibrium price is P1, and output Y*. This output (Y*) is lower than the initial output and Y2, but it\u2019s at a lower price level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Drivers For Cost-Push Inflation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Wages<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Taxes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Raw Materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Profit Margins<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022International Crisis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Channels To Inflation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Major Players<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.Governments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.Private Sectors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.Mother Nature<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.International Affairs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>1. Governments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Government Spending<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Deficit Financing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Taxation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>2. Private\/Corporate Sectors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Trade Unions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Hoarding\/AD creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Export.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>3. Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Factors of production<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Capital<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Labor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>4. International Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022War &amp; Conflicts (sanctions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Tariffs&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Policies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Regional Blocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Visual Illustration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;Tuttle Twins&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022How to control inflation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Demand-Pull&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Monetary Policy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Reduce Money Velocity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Reduce Rate of lending.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Central Bank To Reduce Rate To Commercial Banks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Fiscal Policies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Decrease In Government Spending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Decrease Transfer Of Payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Increase Tax Imposed By Government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Cost-Push<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Setting Upper Limits of important\/basics inputs e.g. Electricity, Coal , Steel\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Increase Imports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Increase domestic production through parastatals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;Rationalized wage policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Price controls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TOPIC 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combating Inflation &amp; other Economic Situations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><\/strong><strong>1. BUDGET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What Comes in mind from the word \u2018\u2019Budget\u2019\u2019?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Simple definition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Its simply an operational frame work\/Guide in financial terms for income and expenditure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>The Core Functions Of A Budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Coordination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Performance Evaluation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Personal Budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Where does all my money go?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022When will I be able to pay up my loans?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022How am I going to afford?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Talking about money makes me nervous!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Am not a&nbsp;maths&nbsp;person!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Am afraid to know how much I have spent!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022My spending is out of control!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Budgeting = Habit Formation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Financial decisions in each stage of life<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;Limit\/avoid debt as a&nbsp;student.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Marriage, children, and homeownership as a&nbsp;young adult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Retirement&nbsp;and generosity in older adulthood, Live as a retiree without being a financial burden on family or the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Short-term and Long-term goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Uncertainties<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Learning to be content with&nbsp;<strong><em>your<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;life<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HOW TO BUDGET YOUR MONEY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic concept of a budget is simple: spend less than you make, and you are on the right track!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are different budgeting techniques, and each one has a specific approach to how to handle your money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.<strong>The traditional budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022When people think about budgeting, they normally think about the traditional budget method:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Allocate an amount of money to each category of your expenses<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022List your income<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Add up your expenses to make sure you are on budget<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Calculate the difference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>2. The reverse budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022With the reverse budget system, you set your goals first and decide how much you want to save. It\u2019s what people refer to as to&nbsp;<strong>PAY YOURSELF FIRST<\/strong>: set aside a specific amount of savings to put towards your goals every time you receive a paycheck, and then spend the rest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>3. The 50\/30\/20 budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022The&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/022916\/what-502030-budget-rule.asp\">50\/30\/20 budget<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;is a simplified budgeting system: you break down your expenses into three categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022needs (housing, food, utilities)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022wants (restaurants, holidays\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022savings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u202250 percent of your income should go towards needs, 30 percent should be spent on wants, and 20 percent will go into savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022The difficulty of this type of budgeting is separating the needs from the wants!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022For example, vegetables at the grocery store at needs, but an expensive fillet steak or a bag of crisps are wants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>4. Intentional \/&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Delibarate<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Budget<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Calculate your income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Save first (and set your intentions).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Figure out where your money goes (track your expenses).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Rinse and repeat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>First step;<br>Add your income.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Second Step;<\/strong><br><strong>Save first(set your intentions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Third step;<\/strong><br><strong>where are you directing your income(wanted &amp; needs)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Surplus or Deficit?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PERSONAL MONTHLY BUDGET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Budgeting Tips&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expense Category<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Food<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Eat in as much as possible, but if you do eat out save by getting water instead of soft drinks (or alcohol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Clothing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Focus on buying interchangeable staple clothing and footwear items that are timeless and will last as opposed to being trendy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Shelter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Live at home or get a roommate (or two or three) so that you can share expenses.&nbsp;&nbsp;Avoid spending more than 25% of take-home pay on shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Health<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Find a way to get insurance.&nbsp;&nbsp;Engage in healthy activities now (e.g., eating, exercise) to save on your health bills later in life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Transportation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Buy a newer used car as opposed to a brand new one.&nbsp;&nbsp;Only buy what you can afford in cash since vehicles only go down in value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022School<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Find ways to limit costs (e.g., be an RA, do work study, hunt for scholarships, become a graduate assistant) and avoid debt.&nbsp;&nbsp;Do not be swayed by the brand of the school, focus on cost.&nbsp;&nbsp;Find an employer that offers tuition reimbursement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Giving<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Find a way to be generous with your money, even if just a little.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Entertainment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Prioritize what you enjoy most; eliminate or limit the rest.&nbsp;&nbsp;How many streaming services do you actually need?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Investment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Start now, even if small.&nbsp;&nbsp;Look into an IRA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Travel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022Find ways to share costs with family\/friends.&nbsp;&nbsp;Take shorter trips within driving distance as opposed to paying to fly somewhere.&nbsp;&nbsp;Stay at budget hotels.&nbsp;&nbsp;Do not be swayed by Instagram or others.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.&nbsp;INVESTMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) STOCK INVESTMENT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Equities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Own equities on natural &amp; commodity resource companies e.g. oil, gas, grains etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This companies enjoy price control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>b) Treasury Bonds<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Long terms debt instruments with maturity period of more than one year and pa interest semiannual basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are transferable and negotiable, and CPI can be negotiated..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Assets&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Real Estate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;Owning an estate in a smart way is a long term investment with intent of holding it for resale in few years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;Example; smart way of owning a house.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;Is having a debt bad?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022BAD DEBTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Car.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Credit card debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Holiday loans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;investment circle :Borrow-Invest-repay<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022GOOD DEBTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Single family rent debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Business invest debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Apartment rent complex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>BRRRS&nbsp;&nbsp;Method<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUY,REHAB,RENT,RE-FINANCE,SCALE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Look for distressed property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Borrow money from private lender to buy and fix the property e.g. friend, shylocks with a less interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Rent the property, you still own the lender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IV.Take the property to a bank and get cash re-finance 80% of the appraised value\/New value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V.Pay the private lender having left with a home mortgage of 25 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VI.Let the rent pay the mortgage and scale your property after 25 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u25cf Land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Land is a factor of production and a scares resource and income generating by running a business ventures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crop Land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Livestock-raising&nbsp;&nbsp;land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recreational land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Timberland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mineral production land<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<strong>Invest in yourself<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.Education and skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.Rent out liabilities e.g. Cars,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.Heath and well being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IV.Spiritual Growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V.Bargaining and negotiation power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THANK YOU FOR BEEN MY AUDIENCE AND MY GOD BLESS YOU,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;STEVE KAMAU.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022ECONOMY (UCHUMI) \u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Navigating Through Tough Economic Times.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State of a country\/region\/community in terms of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and supply of money. \u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INFLATION &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[149,20,336],"tags":[42],"class_list":["post-7548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-blog","category-blog","category-mens-week-of-service-2022","tag-news"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Navigating-through-Tough-Economic-Times.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7548"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7608,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7548\/revisions\/7608"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpc.or.tz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}